[Ana]

Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis
Author
Daniel J Sexton, MD
Section Editors
Stephen B Calderwood, MD
Sheldon L Kaplan, MD
Deputy Editor
Jennifer Mitty, MD, MPH
All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.
Literature review current through: Aug 2013. | This topic last updated: Sep 24, 2012.

INTRODUCTION — The first case of human ehrlichiosis was described in 1986 when a patient became ill with fever, hypotension, confusion, acute renal failure, coagulopathy, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage [1]. The etiologic agent was identified as Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). In 1994, Anaplasma phagocytophilum was identified as the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) [2]. HGA was previously called human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Both of these tick-borne illnesses are recognized as separate disease entities, even though their clinical and laboratory manifestations are similar.
The epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of human ehrlichiosis will be reviewed here. The microbiology of ehrlichial organisms and the mechanisms by which they cause disease are discussed separately. (See "Biology of ehrlichiae".)

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